Uit de Nederlandse cohortstudie bleek dat 84 procent van de zwangeren pijn aangeeft in het bekken en/of de lage rug.⁶ De pijn kan al vroeg tijdens de zwangerschap beginnen (eerste trimester). Gemiddeld heeft 22 procent van deze vrouwen tijdens de zwangerschap pijn, zowel aan de voorkant van het bekken (op en rondom het schaambeen en/of in de liezen) als aan de achterkant (sacroiliacale (SI) regio’s en spinae iliaca posterior superior). De pijn straalt vaker uit naar andere delen van het bekken en naar de achterkant van de bovenbenen en is duidelijk houdingsafhankelijk. Omdraaien in bed, opstaan uit een stoel en schokkende bewegingen, zoals het maken van een misstap of fietsen door een kuiltje, zijn pijnlijk. Ook activiteiten of houdingen die gedurende langere tijd worden uitgevoerd of volgehouden geven op den duur meer pijn.

Op het moment van uitvoeren van een activiteit neemt de pijn meestal niet toe. Dat gebeurt vaak pas na enige uren of de volgende dag. Soms treden er karakteristieke veranderingen op in het looppatroon, gekenmerkt door een waggelend looppatroon met een breder gangspoor dan gebruikelijk. Over het algemeen neemt de pijn geleidelijk toe tijdens het vorderen van de zwangerschap. In het laatste trimester kan de pijn geleidelijk weer wat minder worden, in de regel wat vaker bij een eerste zwangerschap.

Een geleidelijke vermindering in activiteiten is normaal gedurende de zwangerschap. Echter, bij vrouwen met pijn is deze afname in activiteiten groter en begint deze eerder in de zwangerschap. Ook de arbeidsparticipatie neemt bij deze vrouwen eerder af.¹³ Een aantal activiteiten wordt in de loop van de tijd geleidelijk aan vermeden. Welke activiteiten dat zijn, verschilt echter van persoon tot persoon. Veel vrouwen worden ook onzekerder en weten niet goed meer wat ze wel en niet mogen (kunnen) doen. Actieve en passieve copingstijlen spelen hierbij een rol. Onder actieve coping wordt verstaan het proberen te functioneren ondanks de pijn, bijvoorbeeld door het zoeken van afleiding, door zelfactiviteit en een actieve leefstijl. Passieve coping refereert aan het zich afhankelijk opstellen van anderen om de pijn onder controle te houden of aan het beperken van activiteiten.¹⁴

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