De literatuur geeft verschillende prevalentie- en incidentiecijfers met betrekking tot ZGBP. Het verschil in afbakening, doel en methodologische kwaliteit van de studies speelt hierin een belangrijke rol.

A.3.1 Prevalentie van het probleem tijdens de zwangerschap

Nederlandse prevalentieschattingen zijn verricht op basis van de Maastrichtse Cohort Studie.⁶ Van de 7526 deelnemende vrouwen gaf 84 procent pijn aan tijdens enig moment van de zwangerschap. Indien daarnaar gevraagd, reageerden vrouwen met een voorgeschiedenis van lage rugklachten of bekkenpijn tijdens een vorige zwangerschap heel vaak bevestigend (89 procent), vrouwen die geen voorgeschiedenis hadden reageerden wat minder vaak positief (67 procent) (zie de volgende figuur).

Tijdens de zwangerschap had 9 procent van het totale aantal vrouwen binnen de cohortstudie een actieve hulpvraag.²⁸ Internationale prevalentieschattingen zijn slechts beschikbaar in een beperkt aantal landen: Scandinavië, de Verenigde Staten van Amerika, Israël, Zuid-Afrika en Nigeria. De cijfers wisselen tijdens de zwangerschap van 45²⁹tot 89^{16,26,27,30-42} procent. Een mogelijke reden voor het ontbreken van studies in andere landen is dat zwangerschapgerelateerde bekkenpijn daar waarschijnlijk niet gezien wordt als een aparte aandoening, maar als een normaal verschijnsel van zwangerschap.²⁸

A.3.2 Prevalentie van het probleem na de bevalling

De prevalentie van pijn in de Nederlandse cohortstudie twee weken na de bevalling was 31 procent. Van deze groep vrouwen had 15 procent een actieve hulpvraag of gaf de verloskundige aan dat behandeling noodzakelijk was.⁸ Zes maanden na de bevalling was de prevalentie 29 procent en één jaar na de bevalling 35 procent. Deze percentages komen overeen met die van lage rugpijn bij niet-zwangeren.⁴³ Ze geven echter geen indruk over de ernst van de pijn. Ook geven ze geen antwoord op de vraag of deze vrouwen ook daadwerkelijk een hulpvraag hadden. Internationaal vergelijkingsmateriaal is schaars.

Er zijn slechts enkele studies voorhanden die de prevalentie van bekkenpijn na de bevalling melden. Deze studies zijn voornamelijk retrospectief⁴⁴ of hebben betrekking op een heel kleine groep vrouwen⁴⁵. De enige andere studie van redelijke omvang (n = 917) waarvan de follow-upgegevens bekend zijn, werd uitgevoerd in Zweden.¹⁹ Dit onderzoek vermeldt dat direct na de bevalling 67 procent van de vrouwen lage rug- of bekkenpijn had. Een jaar na de bevalling was dit 38 procent. Van de vrouwen die herstelden na de bevalling bleek de meerderheid (23 procent) kort na de bevalling (binnen 1 maand) te herstellen; 6 procent van de vrouwen herstelde dan nog in de periode van 1 maand tot 1 jaar na de bevalling.

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