Nederlandse fysiotherapeuten kunnen patiënten niet verwijzen voor diagnostische beeldvorming. In een systematische review werd geconcludeerd dat diagnostische beeldvorming om specifieke ernstige pathologie (graad IV) in of uit te sluiten een lage tot matige betrouwbaarheid had (matig niveau van bewijs vanwege inconsistentie van de resultaten).⁶

Er zijn slechts enkele diagnostische studies uitgevoerd bij patiënten met nekpijn. Studies naar de diagnostische waarde van magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) vonden een sensitiviteit van 42 tot 96% en een specificiteit van 27 tot 93% in vergelijking met chirurgische bevindingen.⁶Opvallend is de grote hoeveelheid positieve bevindingen bij diagnostisch beeldvormend onderzoek bij gezonde personen.^87,88 Wat betreft de cervicale wervelkolom variëren deze percentages tussen 14 en 28%, een tendens die vergelijkbaar is met beeldvorming van de lumbale wervelkolom.^87,88

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