Motorische schrijfproblemen bij kinderen [evidence statement]

1.6 Huidige kinderfysiotherapeutische zorg voor kinderen met schrijfproblemen

Om de vraag te kunnen beantwoorden hoe de huidige kinderfysiotherapeutische zorg bij kinderen met schrijfproblemen eruitziet is, in samenspraak met het bestuur van de Nederlandse Vereniging voor Fysiotherapie in de Kinder- en Jeugdgezondheidszorg (NVFK), besloten een enquête te houden onder de NVFK-leden, met als doel te inventariseren hoe het onderzoek en de behandeling worden uitgevoerd bij kinderen die met schrijfproblemen bij de kinderfysiotherapeut worden aangemeld. Tijdens het najaarscongres van de NVFK op 14 en 15 november 2008 is een vooraankondiging gedaan van deze digitale enquête. Vervolgens is het adressenbestand van de NVFK gebruikt om de enquête digitaal te verspreiden onder de kinderfysiotherapeuten. 

De projectgroep ‘Kinderen met schrijfproblemen’ heeft door middel van deze enquête een inventarisatie gemaakt van de praktijk- en opleidingsgegevens van de kinderfysiotherapeuten die zich bezighouden met schrijfproblemen. De toestroom van de kinderen is in kaart gebracht, evenals het verrichte diagnostisch onderzoek en de behandelingswijze. Daarnaast is de behoefte aan een Evidence Statement (ES) en stroomdiagram geïnventariseerd.

 


Definitie schrijfprobleem

We spreken over een schrijfprobleem wanneer:

  • het handschrift (het schrijfproduct) niet of nauwelijks leesbaar is (dysgrafie);
  • het tempo te traag is;
  • de schrijfbeweging niet aangeleerd kan worden en/of er pijn ontstaat bij het schrijven; 
  • zonder dat er sprake is van een intellectueel tekort of van somatische pathologie.

 

Inventarisatie van de huidige situatie in de kinderfysiotherapiepraktijk

Deze inventarisatie heeft plaatsgevonden door middel van een schriftelijke enquête. De enquête is door 43% (353 respondenten) van de geregistreerde leden ingevuld. De uitkomsten van deze enquête zijn gepubliceerd in het Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Kinderfysiotherapie onder de titel ‘Inventarisatie van verwijzingspatroon, onderzoek en behandeling van kinderen met schrijfproblemen. Een digitale enquête’ (Bosga-Stork et al., 2009a).

 

Indicatiestelling

Bij veruit de meeste aanmeldingen (96%) komt de hulpvraag voor kinderen met schrijfproblemen van de leerkracht. Het aantal hulpvragen verschilt per praktijk en varieert van 10-25 aanmeldingen (50% van de praktijken) tot 25-50 (25% van de praktijken). Het grootste deel van de aangemelde kinderen komt uit het basisonderwijs (72%). Circa 60% van de kinderen meldt zich rechtstreeks aan bij de fysiotherapiepraktijk (Directe Toegankelijkheid Fysiotherapie, DTF). De kinderfysiotherapeut behandelt deze kinderen binnen een multidisciplinaire overlegstructuur of samenwerkingsverband. De behandeling duurt bij driekwart van de geënquêteerde kinderfysiotherapeuten 3-6 maanden.

 

Diagnostisch onderzoek

Uit de open vraag over het gebruik van tests om schrijfproblemen te onderzoeken, blijkt dat er een grote verscheidenheid van meetinstrumenten wordt gebruikt. De projectgroep geeft een advies over het gebruik en de interpretatie van meetinstrumenten in het diagnostisch proces. Deze keuzen zijn gebaseerd op bewijs uit wetenschappelijk onderzoek en op grond daarvan te verantwoorden.

 

Specifieke opleiding en behandeling van de kinderfysiotherapeuten

Bijna 80% van de geënquêteerde kinderfysiotherapeuten heeft een aanvullende scholing (cursus, studiedag) gevolgd ter oriëntatie op kinderen met schrijfproblemen. De inhoud van deze scholingen is divers, zowel de visie achter de scholing als de duur ervan variëren. Evenals bij het gebruik van de meetinstrumenten binnen het diagnostisch onderzoek is de grote verscheidenheid van behandelmethodieken een opvallende uitkomst van deze enquête. Om de keuzen in de aanpak van de interventie wetenschappelijk te onderbouwen, is zowel gezocht naar literatuur gericht op de etiologie als op de interventie zelf.

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